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Simko Shikak
Simko Shikak (also known as "Simitquh";〔Known as "Simitquh", a garbling of his given name "Ismail Agha", to Iranian historians and media. This, in turn, has been further garbled to become "Simqoh" or "Simko".〕 born Ismail Agha Shikak 1887 – 1930) was a Kurdish chieftain of the Shakak tribe. He was born into a prominent Kurdish feudal family based in Chihriq castle located near the Baranduz river in the Urmia region of northwestern Iran. By 1920 parts of Iranian Azerbaijan located west of Lake Urmia were under his control.〔C. Dahlman, "The Political Geography of Kurdistan", ''Eurasian Geography and Economics'', pp. 271-299, No.4, Vol.43, 2002. p.283〕 He led Kurdish farmers into battle and defeated the Iranian army on several occasions.〔B. O'Leary, J. McGarry,''The Future of Kurdistan in Iraq'', University of Pennsylvania Press, 355 pp., ISBN 0-8122-1973-2 (see p.7)〕 The Iranian government had him assassinated in 1930.〔M. M. Gunter, The Kurdish Question in Perspective'', World Affairs, pp. 197-205, No.4, Vol. 166, Spring 2004. (see p.203)〕 Simko took part in the massacre of the Assyrians of Khoy〔John Joseph, "The Modern Assyrians of the Middle East: Encounters With Western Christian Missions, Archaeologists, and Colonial Power (Studies in Christian Mission) (Hardcover)", BRILL, 2000. p. 147: "Simko and his men had escaped to Khoi where they took part in the massacre of Christians〕 and instigated the massacre of 1000 Assyrians in Salmas.〔Maria T. O'Shea, "Trapped Between the Map and Reality: Geography and Perceptions of Kurdistan", Routledge, 2004. p. 100: "Simultaneously, a 1000 Christians were killed in Salmas, in a massacre instigated by Simko."〕
==Family background==
His family was one of the most prominent and politically active Kurdish families throughout Qajar reign from the late 18th to early 20th century. Sadiq Khan Shikak was one of the generals and governors in the Agha Muhammad Khan's early Qajar state and was commanding a force of 10,000 soldiers. However, he was soon fell out of favor and Qajar monarch attempted to murder him. Sadiq Khan has been accused of taking part in the assassination of Qajar king in the town of Shusha in 1797. Among other prominent members of the family are ''Ismail Khan The Great'' and his son ''Ali Khan'', ''Muhammad Pasha'' son of Ali Khan, ''Cewer (Ja'afar) Agha'' brother of Simko. Many members of the family were murdered by the Qajar state such as ''Cewer(Dja'far) Agha'' who was killed at Tabriz by the order of governor general.〔M. Th. Houtsma, E. van Donzel, ''E. J. Brill's First Encyclopaedia of Islam, 1913-1936'', 1993, ISBN 90-04-08265-4, p. 290〕
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